How to Ford a River Safely
River crossings are among the most serious hazards in the backcountry. Learn how to judge a crossing, choose a spot and move safely.
Rivers are one of the leading causes of serious accidents in the backcountry. Most crossings are straightforward, but the ones that aren’t can turn quickly. Good judgement matters far more than technique.
First question: should you cross at all?
Ask yourself honestly:
- Is the water fast, deep, cloudy or noisy with rolling boulders?
- Is it above your knees?
- Is there a dangerous hazard downstream — a waterfall, rapids, a log jam?
- Is it raining upstream, or is the river fed by melting snow?
If the answer to any of these is “yes,” look for a better spot, wait, or turn around. Rivers fed by snow or rain are often lowest early in the morning. Waiting a few hours can make a dangerous crossing easy.
Choosing where to cross
- Look for wide, straight sections, where water is usually shallower and slower.
- Avoid bends, where the outside is deep and fast.
- Find a safe run-out downstream in case you slip.
- Check the far bank — can you actually get out?
How to cross
- Unclip your hip belt and sternum strap so you can shed your pack if you fall.
- Keep your shoes on. Bare feet on slippery rocks is a recipe for injury.
- Face upstream and angle slightly across the current.
- Use poles or a sturdy stick for three points of contact, moving one point at a time.
- Shuffle, don’t step. Keep your feet low and feel your way along the bottom.
Crossing as a group
For stronger currents, link arms in a line parallel to the flow, with the strongest person upstream. Or form a small triangle facing inwards, moving one person at a time.
If you fall
Get rid of your pack if it’s pulling you under. Float on your back, feet downstream and at the surface, and use your arms to steer towards the bank. Never try to stand up in fast water — your foot can become trapped.
The river will still be there tomorrow. Make sure you are too.